Criobiopsia transbronquial Bohemian Rhapsody

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The characteristic signs and symptoms of mania and depression according to Kraepelin circa 1905: a comparison with DSM-III.

Although the rise of operationalized diagnostic criteria and the creation of DSM-III were influenced in the USA by a neo-Kraepelinian 'revival' of interest in psychiatric nosology, Kraepelin was only a distal influence on the specific diagnostic criteria proposed. The historical origins of the DSM-III criteria for mania and major depression (MD) are traceable back to the 1950s and contain no direct link to Kraepelin's writings. George Dreyfus, a student and assistant to Kraepelin, authored in 1907 a monograph on Involutional Melancholia which reviewed cases seen by Kraepelin in Heidelberg. In this monograph, Dreyfus presents the 'characteristic' symptoms for mania and depression 'as described by Kraepelin.' This historical finding provides the unprecedented opportunity to examine the resemblance between the criteria proposed for mania and depression in DSM-III, inspired by Kraepelin's nosologic vision, and those specifically suggested by Kraepelin 73 years earlier. Kraepelin's symptoms and signs for mania paralleled seven of the eight DSM-III criteria (except the decreased need for sleep), with two not included in DSM-III (increased mental activity and short bursts of sadness). Kraepelin's signs and symptoms paralleled six of the nine DSM-III criteria for MD, lacking suicidal ideation and changes in appetite/weight and sleep but including obsessions, reduced expressive movements, and decreased mood responsiveness. Although Kraepelin's overall approach to mania and depression emphasized their close inter-relationship in the cyclic course of manic-depressive illness, it is noteworthy Kraepelin's 'characteristic' symptoms for mania and depression as described by Dreyfus, bear substantial but incomplete resemblance to the criteria proposed in DSM-III.

Arrhythmias in the History: Lovesickness.

Lovesickness has been termed a real disorder, with a specific cause, pathogenesis, and cure: it has been attested to in the medical literature since classical times and may still have a place in current medicine in the frame of psychiatry and humoral disorders. Although in different cultures there is a general agreement on the symptoms, including fever, agitation, loss of appetite, headache, rapid breathing, and palpitations, the treatments vary greatly in the various cultural contexts.

Aristóteles y la medicina / Aristotle and the medicine

En su estado actual el Corpus Aristotelicum no contiene ningún tratado dedicado a la medicina, siendo esto causa suficiente como para que muchos estudiosos hayan dado por hecho que Aristóteles nunca la tomó como objeto de estudio. Otros, empero, pretenden justamente dar pruebas de que Aristóteles sí se interesó por el arte médico, que lo estudió y que es muy plausible que escribiera sobre medicina. Para ello traen a colación razones de diversa índole, aunque básicamente serán dos los argumentos en los que harán hincapié. El primero engloba las analogías médicas que Aristóteles utiliza en sus tratados, y el segundo recurre a las menciones a determinados libros de contenido médico a lo largo del Corpus Aristotelicum. A partir de un examen crítico de ambos argumentos este artículo pretende arrojar algo más de luz sobre el asunto a partir de los contenidos del papiro Anónimo de Londres (AU)

None of the treatises in the Corpus Aristotelicum is directly concerned to medicine, this leading the majority of scholars to contend that Aristotle did not paid attention to that discipline. But, in other way, there is who argues that Aristotle should have necessarily been acquainted with the principles of the medical art, so that it is very likely that Aristotle enquired on medicine. Almost two different reasons are adduced in this sense: the oft-repeated use of medical analogies in Aristotle’s opera, and the allusions to some medical writings by Aristotle himself. In giving a critical description and assessment of both arguments, this paper also aims at clarifying the issue by bringing up into discussion the contents in the Anonymus Londiniensis papyrus (AU)

[Brief introduction to the development of ancient history of paediatric diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine].

As an important part of paediatric science, paediatric diagnosis was in the initial stage of its development before the Song Dynasty. The main measures of diagnosing diseases were observation and pulse palpation, especially the latter. The rapid development of paediatrics in the Song Dynasty necessitated thepaediatric diagnosis to develop further, emphasizing the spiritual expressions of the eyes and fingerprint, with its special features gradually developed in the period of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.During this period, the paediatrics diagnosis was developed on the basis of the previous generations, with equal importance paid to both observation and pulse feeling. In the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties the four paediatric diagnostics were constantly enriched with attentions paid to the use of multiple approaches and thus the diagnostics was perfected day by day.

Ockham frente a Saint Pedro / No disponible

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Music, Mechanism, and the "Sonic Turn" in Physical Diagnosis.

The sonic diagnostic techniques of percussion and mediate auscultation advocated by Leopold von Auenbrugger and R. T. H. Laennec developed within larger musical contexts of practice, notation, and epistemology. Earlier, François-Nicolas Marquet proposed a musical notation of pulse that connected felt pulsation with heard music. Though contemporary vitalists rejected Marquet's work, mechanists such as Albrecht von Haller included it into the larger discourse about the physiological manifestations of bodily fluids and fibers. Educated in that mechanistic physiology, Auenbrugger used musical vocabulary to present his work on thoracic percussion; Laennec's musical experience shaped his exploration of the new timbres involved in mediate auscultation.

Medical semiotics; its influence on art, psychoanalysis and Sherlock Holmes.

Semiotics is the analysis and interpretation of signs and the basis of medicine since antiquity. It is suggested that the growth of technology has led to the virtual eclipse of the clinical examination with consequent loss of skill, empathy and patient trust. This paper views the value of medical semiotics through the method of the 19th century Italian doctor, Giovanni Morelli, which has had a significant but little recognised impact on the early development of psychoanalysis, the detective novel and art connoisseurship. Semiotics and, specifically, the linguistic semiotics of Ferdinand Saussure have been influential in the fields of the visual arts, literature and the social sciences since the 20th century. With its roots in the medical treatises of antiquity, medical semiotics should again be brought to the forefront of medical practice.

[Analysis on renving and cunkou pulse diagnostic methods in Internal Classic and Pulse Classic].

Renying and cunkou pulse diagnostic methods have been recorded in Neijing Unternal Classic) and Maijing (Pulse Classic) and these two pulse diagnostic methods are very different. Through the analysis and inference on the relevant statements in Internal Classic and Pulse Classic, as well as those of medical scholars in later generations, it is discovered that the pulse of excess type, the pulse of deficiency type, the tense pulse, the regular missed-beat pulse, etc. could be detected and be used to judge the disorders of meridians and zangfu organs by the comparison between the pulse of excess type and the pulse of deficiency type with renying and cunkou pulse diagnostic methods recorded in Internal Classic. The substance of renying and cunkou pulse diagnostic methods in Pulse Classic is consistent with the methods in later generations, meaning that they can be applied to judge the disorders of meridians and zangfu organs through detecting the excess or the deficiency in every region of cun, guan and chi.

[Consanguinity between meridian theory and Bianque's pulse theory].

The integral meridian theory is composed of five parts, including meridian course, syndrome, diagnostic method, treating principle and treatment, and the core of it is meridian syndrome. It has been proved by multiple evidences that the meridian syndrome induced by the pathological change in meridian and the death syndrome of pulse penetrating or attaching to the syndrome are all originated from Bianque' s facial color and pulse diagnosis. And regarding the pulse syndrome,there are many different interpretations based on the theory of yin-yang in four seasons before the Han Dynasty. The emerging of Biaoben diagnostic method in Bianque's pulse method and its extensive clinical application promote a new theoretic interpretation the connection of meridians interpreting pulse syndrome directly. Besides, along with the new development of blood-pulse theory of Bianque's medicine, the revolution on meridian theory is aroused as well its theoretical paradigm turning from "tree" type to "ring" type. In other words, Bianque's medicine not only gives birth to meridian theory, but also decides its final development.

Descubrimientos y técnicas que han contribuido a mejorar el tratamiento de las enfermedades pancreáticas / Discoveries and techniques that have contributed to improving the treatment of pancreatic diseases

El páncreas, por su situación retroperitoneal, ha sido un órgano misterioso de difícil exploración y complicado tratamiento. No fue hasta mediados del siglo XIX, con la introducción de la anestesia y la asepsia, que se consiguieron diagnósticos laparotómicos que antes solo se realizaban en la sala de autopsias. Además, el descubrimiento de los grupos sanguíneos, la vitamina K y el desarrollo de las unidades de cuidados intensivos mejoraron las expectativas de la cirugía. Por otro lado, los avances de los métodos de laboratorio (determinación de amilasa y lipasa, marcadores tumorales, genética y pruebas de función exocrina), de las técnicas de imagen, de la endoscopia y el perfeccionamiento de los procedimientos quirúrgicos han permitido alcanzar altas cotas de diagnósticos previos a la cirugía y una indiscutible mejora en los resultados de esta. En esta publicación se repasa la historia de los principales hitos que han permitido avanzar en todos estos aspectos

Due to its retroperitoneal location, the pancreas has historically been a mysterious organ that is difficult to examine and which complicates treatment. The discovery of anesthesia and asepsis in the mid-19th century allowed laparotomic diagnosis, which was previously only possible at autopsy. The expectations of surgery were improved by the detection of blood groups, vitamin K synthesis, and the development of intensive care units. In addition, high levels of presurgical diagnosis and an unquestionable improvement of its results were enabled by advances in laboratory methods (serum quantification of amylase and lipase, tumoral markers, genetics, and techniques for measuring exocrine pancreatic function), imaging and endoscopic modalities, and fine tuning of surgical techniques. In this article, we review the history of the main milestones that have allowed progress in all these aspects

“Oler el cuerpo”: Diagnóstico y curación a partir de los sentidos. El olor de la enfermedad en la medicina bajomedieval y temprano moderna europea / No disponible

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[From classification medicine to clinical medicine (the end of the XVIII century--70-ies of the XIX century). Communication 1. Beginning of the new style of medical thinking (clinical thinking)].

This communication is devoted to appearance of a qualitatively different methodological approach to problems of practical medicine in 1890s. This approach gave rise to formation of a new style of medical thinking (clinical thinking) and development of clinical medicine.